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The Model Context Protocol ecosystem, verified

Current spec 2026-07-28

HashiCorp discloses five vulnerabilities across its Terraform and Consul MCP servers, two rated CVSS 10.0 in advisory records

HashiCorp published two security bulletins one day apart covering its Terraform MCP Server and Consul MCP Server. In both products the stateless-mode issue is a cross-tenant credential reuse flaw that the GitHub advisory records score CVSS 10.0. HashiCorp's own bulletins state no CVSS scores or severity labels.

HashiCorp published two security bulletins one day apart. HCSEC-2026-23 (July 28) covers the Terraform MCP Server, versions 0.2.1 through 1.0.0 with fixes in 1.1.0, and HCSEC-2026-24 (July 29) covers the Consul MCP Server, versions 0.1.0 through 0.1.3 with fixes in 0.1.4. Both center on the streamable-http transport in centralized, multi-user deployments. The fixed Terraform release shipped July 14, two weeks ahead of the bulletin, the normal coordinated-disclosure ordering.

The Terraform bulletin describes three issues. CVE-2026-14869 is a server-side request forgery: middleware rejected a client-supplied Terraform address in an HTTP header but not the same value as a query parameter, letting an unauthenticated client redirect the server's bearer token to an attacker-controlled endpoint. CVE-2026-16496 is an authorization bypass in stateful mode, where the per-session Terraform client cache used the MCP session ID as its sole lookup key without binding cached clients to the token that created them. CVE-2026-16498 is cross-tenant credential reuse in stateless mode: with no session identifiers to key on, one tenant's credentials were reused for subsequent tenants' requests.

The Consul bulletin describes the same two outer failure modes: CVE-2026-16328, an unrestricted client-supplied override of the Consul backend address that can exfiltrate the configured token, and CVE-2026-16326, cross-tenant credential reuse in stateless mode.

On severity, attribution matters: HashiCorp's bulletins state no CVSS scores and no severity labels. The scores come from the GitHub advisory records, which rate both stateless-mode cross-tenant flaws (CVE-2026-16498 and CVE-2026-16326) Critical at CVSS 10.0, and the remaining three High at 8.9 and 8.6. Both perfect-score flaws share a shape worth naming: removing the protocol session does not remove the need to bind a request to a principal, and a session-keyed cache in a sessionless mode fails across tenants. HashiCorp's interim mitigations are restricting network access to the streamable-http listener and treating MCP session IDs as sensitive values.

How was this verified, and what are the sources?

Published · last verified · confidence 0.95.

  1. HashiCorp bulletin HCSEC-2026-23 (2026-07-28) - Terraform MCP Server 0.2.1 through 1.0.0, fixed in 1.1.0; describes CVE-2026-14869 (SSRF via client-supplied Terraform address as a query parameter, redirecting the server's bearer token), CVE-2026-16496 (stateful-mode session cache keyed solely by MCP session ID), and CVE-2026-16498 (stateless-mode cross-tenant credential reuse); states no CVSS scores; mitigations are restricting the streamable-http listener and treating session IDs as sensitive - accessed
  2. HashiCorp bulletin HCSEC-2026-24 (2026-07-29) - Consul MCP Server 0.1.0 through 0.1.3, fixed in 0.1.4; describes CVE-2026-16328 (unrestricted client-supplied Consul backend address override, potential token exfiltration) and CVE-2026-16326 (stateless-mode cross-tenant credential reuse); states no CVSS scores - accessed
  3. GitHub advisory GHSA-vq72-755f-9mrm - records CVE-2026-16498 as Critical, CVSS 10.0, terraform-mcp-server before 1.1.0, patched 1.1.0 - accessed
  4. GitHub advisory GHSA-4crw-p722-vr7h - records CVE-2026-16496 as High, CVSS 8.9, patched 1.1.0 - accessed
  5. GitHub advisory GHSA-rhh5-3xrh-6535 - records CVE-2026-14869 as High, CVSS 8.6, patched 1.1.0 - accessed
  6. GitHub advisory GHSA-6c5r-pj95-xvqv - records CVE-2026-16326 as Critical, CVSS 10.0, consul-mcp-server 0.1.0 through 0.1.3, patched 0.1.4 - accessed
  7. GitHub advisory GHSA-5h6c-295f-7pp3 - records CVE-2026-16328 as High, CVSS 8.6, patched 0.1.4 - accessed
  8. GitHub releases for hashicorp/terraform-mcp-server - v1.1.0 published 2026-07-14, two weeks before the bulletin, containing the fixes - accessed

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